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W. H. RICHARDS.

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N PETERSv PHOTO UNITED STATES PATENT CFFIGE.

WILLIAM H. RICHARDS, OF BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURE OF SCREW-HOOKS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 231,613, dated August 24, 1880.

Application filed March 15, 1880. (N0 model.)

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM HENRY RIcH- ARDS, of Birmingham, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Screw-Hooks, Cup-Hooks, Nails with Brass-Covered Heads, and other such like articles, with the tools connected therewith, which improvements are fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

The object of my invention is to make screwhooks, cup-hooks, and such like articles in such a manner as not to require much finishing after leaving the tools or the molds, and also to be cleaner in their finish than in the case now with ordinary cast and dressed hooks.

In making screw-hooks and cup-hooks according to my invention I proceed as follows: I take the screw represented by Figure 6 and the brass or other shell or cup represented by Fig. 7, the said cup having an axial perforation in it. I also take the. headed rod shown by Fig. 8, from which I afterward form the hook or other shaped end, and I connect the screw t' and the headed rod it together by closing and fastening the shell-cup l over the heads 2' and k of the said screw and rod. I effect the closing of the said cup lupon or over heads 11 k by means of the pair of dies shown in Fig. 9, which brings the three parts together, as represented at Fig. 11 in elevation. I then finish the shoulder in the dies shown by Fig. 12 to the shape shown in either Fig. 12 or to the shapes of the shoulders upon the finished hooks represented by Figs. 13,14, or 15, or to any other desired modification of shape convenient for such hooks or other similar articles. After the fashioning of the shoulder has been accomplished the upper part of the hook 7c is bent to any desired shape-such as shown by Figs.13,14, l5, and 1c, the latter being commonly called a cup-hook.

In making wardrobe-hooks I expand the shoulder part, which is formed from the cup I, so as to produce a flat flange for fixing to the wood-work, as shown by Fig. 17.

When harness-rings or other similar rings are required-such as shown by Fig. 18-the rod 7c is made shorter and pierced or drilled to receive the ring.

Instead of making the cup lseparately,1 sometimes form it from the stem, as shown by Fig. 19, afterward shaping it in dies, as shown at a, Fig. 20, and it is completed by closing over in the dies, Figs. 9, 10, and 12.

Fig. 21 represents a screw-hook made as last described. In other cases the stem may be provided with a hole, '0, Fig. 22, and the screw made as shown by Fig. 23, and the two closely joined together in dies such as before mentioned, soasto produce the hook part ready for bending, as shown by Fig. 24; or the two ends to and or may be laid together in a mold or chills and the collar cast around, as shown by Fig. 25. In each of the before-mentioned examples of hooks I produce the hook part from smooth wire, and the expense of dressing and filing is either altogether or partly avoided.

In the case of closing a cap over the head of a nail the process is just the same, only that I effect the operation in one pair of tools, as shown by Fig. 5.

Fig. lis the nail uncovered. Fig. 2 shows the cap a, Fig. 4, placed upon the nail, ready for dropping into the lower tool, B, Fig. 5, where it is finished by the upper tool, I), into the shape shown by Fig. 3.

WVhat I claim is 1. As a new article of manufacture, a screw hook or eye having its hook or eye secured to the head of a common screw by means of a cri mped flange, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The method herein described of forming screw-hooks, screw-eyes, cup-hooks, 850., by placing a common screw and the hook or eye head to head and connecting the two by means of a flange crimped under the head of either, as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM HENRY RICHARDS.

Witnesses: U

JOSEPH THOMAS BLAKEMORE, JOSEPH HoPKINs. 

